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ELCDismissedNot stated in judgment (Petition; applications dated 21/2/2024 and 1/3/2024)· [2024] KEELC 4862 (KLR)

Brookshill Limited & another v County Government of Kwale & 3 others; Mwadzugwe & 2 others (Interested Parties) (Environment & Land Petition 25 of 2021) [2024] KEELC 4862 (KLR)

Environment and Land Court
20 June 2024
4,201 words in judgment
View original judgmentRead on Kenya Law Watch case
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·~17 min to read original · ~4 min brief

The bottom line

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What this practically means

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Executive summary

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This ruling of the Environment and Land Court deals with two applications by Petitioners aggrieved by a judgment delivered on 3/5/2023 in favour of the County Government of Kwale. The application dated 21/2/2024 sought a temporary injunction restraining the County from evicting, entering or demolishing properties LR No Kwale/Diani Beach Block/1526 and 1527 pending an injunction application lodged in the Court of Appeal, on the basis that a notice to vacate issued on 6/2/2024 did not comply with Section 152E of the Land Act. The application dated 1/3/2024 sought contempt findings and severe sanctions against the County Secretary and the CECM for Environment for disobeying temporary injunction orders issued on 26/2/2024. The Respondent and Interested Party opposed both applications on the ground that the court was functus officio having delivered its judgment. The court held it was not functus officio since review remained available, but dismissed the injunction application because Sections 152E and 152F of the Land Act do not apply to notices issued pursuant to a court decree, and because the applicants had already submitted to the Court of Appeal's jurisdiction. On contempt, applying the Mweru and Issenberg standards, the court found the orders postdated the survey, that the Respondents complied upon service, and that the higher standard of proof in contempt was not met. Both applications were dismissed with no orders as to costs, and the interim orders of 26/2/2024 lapsed.

Key legal issues

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01

Functus officio and jurisdiction

Holding

The court is not functus officio merely because the law permits review applications

Reasoning

The Respondents and Interested Party argued the court had exhausted its jurisdiction after the 3/5/2023 judgment. The court held that the very availability of review applications shows a court is not functus officio, but that this did not save the applications, which failed on other grounds including the applicants' submission to the Court of Appeal's jurisdiction.

p. 5
02

Application under Sections 152E and 152F of the Land Act

Holding

The application cannot stand because the eviction notice was issued pursuant to a decree of the court, not in fresh proceedings

Reasoning

Section 152F gives evictees relief against notices under Section 152E, but the court reasoned that these provisions target situations where there is no suit and fresh proceedings would commence. A notice issued in execution of a decree falls outside them, so the application anchored on them, filed within these proceedings, could not stand.

p. 6
03

Injunction pending appeal

Holding

The court cannot entertain the injunction where the applicants have already moved the Court of Appeal

Reasoning

The applicants had lodged an injunction application in the Court of Appeal dated 20/2/24. The court held that having submitted to that jurisdiction, this court could not entertain the parallel application. The court noted it could grant a temporary injunction pending appeal only when exercising appellate jurisdiction under Order 42 Rule 6(6), which was not the case here as it sat as the court issuing the decree.

p. 6
04

Contempt of court

Holding

Contempt not proved; the Respondents complied once served and the standard of proof is higher than in ordinary civil cases

Reasoning

Applying the Mweru and Issenberg tests, the court found the injunction orders were issued on 26/2/24, after the survey had begun, and no evidence proved continued occupation or that the demolitions were undertaken by the County. The systematic removal of fittings suggested caretakers, not the County, and the higher burden of proof in contempt was not discharged.

p. 7

Legal principles established

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  • A court that has determined a suit on merit is not functus officio where the law allows it to be approached for review, but cannot entertain injunctions pending appeal once parties have submitted to the appellate court's jurisdiction
  • Civil contempt requires proof of the terms of the order, knowledge of the terms by the respondent, and breach of the order, to a standard higher than the ordinary civil standard
  • Sections 152E and 152F of the Land Act apply where there is no suit; they do not cover eviction notices issued pursuant to a court decree

Court orders

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  1. 1.The applications dated 21/2/2024 and 1/3/2024 are hereby dismissed
  2. 2.The applications collapse with the orders of the court issued on 26/2/2024
  3. 3.There shall be no orders as to costs

Authorities

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Legislation

  • Land ActSections 152E, 152F
  • High Court [Organisation and Administration] Act 2015Section 39
  • Rules to the High Court [Organisation and Administration] ActSections 39, 40(1)
  • Judicature ActSections 3, 5(1)
  • Constitution of Kenya 2010Articles 48, 50(1), 159(2)(a), 164(3)
  • Civil Procedure RulesOrder 3 Rule 1, Order 40 Rule 1, Order 42 Rule 6(6)
  • Environment and Land Court ActSection 29
  • Appellate Jurisdiction ActSections 3A, 3B
  • Court of Appeal Rules 2022Rule 5(2)(b)
  • Mutunga RulesRule 32(3)

Cases cited (9)

  • Owners of Motor Vessel Lilian Vs Caltex Oil Kenya Ltd
    [1989] eKLR
  • Republic v Speaker of the National Assembly and 4 others exparte Edward R O Ouko
    [2017] eKLR
  • Ochino & Another Vs. Okombo & 4 Others
    (1989) eKLR
  • Katana Changi Vs. the Ministry of Lands & Settlement & 4 Others
    (2014) eKLR
  • Ephraim Mbae Thuranira & 2 Others
    (2007) KLR
  • Butt Vs. Rent Restriction Tribunal
  • Shimers Plaza
  • Samuel M. N. Mweru & Others v National Land Commission & 2 others
    [2020] eKLR
  • Sheila Cassatt Issenberg & another – Versus - Antony Machatha Kinyanjui
    [2021] eKLR
Jurisdiction invoked
Original jurisdiction under the Environment and Land Court Act; contempt jurisdiction under Section 5(1) of the Judicature Act and Section 29 of the Environment and Land Court Act

Key timeline

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Practical implications

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Frequently asked questions

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Cite this brief

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Cite this brief

Caselaw, "Brookshill Limited & another v County Government of Kwale & 3 others; Mwadzugwe & 2 others (Interested Parties) (Environment & Land Petition 25 of 2021) [2024] KEELC 4862 (KLR)", Case Analysis (2024). Not stated in judgment (Petition; applications dated 21/2/2024 and 1/3/2024). Source: https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2024/4862/eng@2024-06-20

Suggested citation format for research notes or client memos. Always verify the original judgment before relying on any point.