Miano & another v Chief Land Registrar & 3 others (3rd and 4th Defendants sued as personal representatives of the Estate of Kaakua Ole lekakua - Deceased) (Environment and Land Case E061 of 2022) [2026] KEELC 2812 (KLR)

avers that the intended witness is critical in ascertaining the facts of the suit and will not be prejudicial to the Defendants. 3. The 3rd and 4th Defendants oppose the application deposing that it is an afterthought, an abuse of the Court process and aimed at filling gaps from the Plaintifi’s testimony. They point out that the 1st Plaintifi had already testified and closed her case. And that the name of the intended witness was never mentioned in the initial pleadings or witness statements and only surfaced during cross-examination. Therefore, allowing the Plaintifi to call her as a witness was allowing her to fill gaps in their testimony which would be prejudicial to the Defendants. 4. Counsels orally submitted in support of their respective positions. The sole issue for determination is whether the Court should exercise its discretion to allow the Plaintifi to introduce an additional witness. 5. The Application seeks to allow the Plaintifi file a supplementary witness statement and call an additional witness. The Defendants contest that calling a new witness after close of the Plaintifi’s case is intended to fill gaps exposed during cross-examination. 6. While the 3rd and 4th Defendants argue that the Plaintifis had closed their case, the Court notes from the record that after the testimony of PW2, counsel for the Plaintifi sought an adjournment to call a final witness and counsel for the Defendants did not object at that stage. The subsequent objection arose on account of the procedural irregularity of filing the witness statement without leave of Court. 7. The power of the Court to allow additional evidence or witnesses is discretionary and must be exercised judiciously in the interest of justice. This discretion is anchored under Sections 1A, 1B and 3A of the Civil Procedure Act which mandate the Court to act in a manner that ensures the just, expeditious, proportional, and afiordable resolution of disputes and that orders issued should be necessary for the ends of justice or to prevent abuse of the process of the court. 8. Taking this into consideration, the Court finds that in the interest of justice, and fair trial, and considering the high stakes in a land matter, there are suficient grounds for the court to exercise its discretion and allow the Plaintifi to file the witness statement and call their last witness. The Defendants will have an opportunity to cross-examine the intended witness mitigating any potential prejudice that could be occasioned. 9. The Application is thus allowed in the following terms; a. Leave is hereby granted to the Plaintifis’ to file a supplementary list of witnesses and documents if any within 14 days of this Ruling. b. The Plaintifi is ordered to serve the Defendants within 14 days of filing. c. The Defendants shall have corresponding leave to file any supplementary witness statements and documents if necessary, within fourteen (14) days of service. d. Costs of the application shall abide outcome of the main suit. DATED, SIGNED AND DELIVERED VIRTUALLY AT KAJIADO THIS 7TH DAY OF MAY 2026. JUDY OMANGE JUDGE Ruling delivered in presence of Mr Munyororo for the Plaintifi. https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2026/2812/eng@2026-05-07 2

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M/S Nyawira for the 1st and 2nd Defendant. Ms Misiati Holding Brief for Prof Ojienda SC for 3rd and 4th Defendant. Peter - Court Assistant. https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2026/2812/eng@2026-05-07 3

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